See vallum on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for vallum meaning in All languages combined (7.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vallum"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wall",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "vallum (plural vallums or valla)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Ancient Rome",
"orig": "en:Ancient Rome",
"parents": [
"Ancient Africa",
"Ancient Europe",
"Ancient history",
"Ancient Near East",
"History of Italy",
"History of Africa",
"History of Europe",
"History",
"Ancient Asia",
"Italy",
"Africa",
"Europe",
"All topics",
"History of Asia",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Fundamental",
"Asia",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"id": "en-vallum-en-noun-BcQ5JyUG",
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Ancient Rome) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The eyebrow."
],
"id": "en-vallum-en-noun-D0JpDE0Q",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The eyebrow."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæləm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vallum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vallo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: vall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: vall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "valo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: valo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: valo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "valo",
"3": "vala"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: valo, vala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: valo, vala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: valla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: valla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "avulli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: avulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: avulli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vallum",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: vallum (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: vallum (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wał",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: wał",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: wał"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*walso"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *walso",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*uh₂lso-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἧλος",
"t": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"expansion": "vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "circumvāllō"
},
{
"word": "intervallum"
},
{
"word": "vallus"
},
{
"word": "vallō"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wall, rampart, entrenchment"
],
"id": "en-vallum-la-noun-J0eCZdOq",
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"entrenchment",
"entrenchment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯al.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯älːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈval.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "vallum"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "wall"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of wall",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin vallum. Doublet of wall comes from this word via a Proto-Germanic borrowing from Latin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallums",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "s",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "vallum (plural vallums or valla)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"en:Ancient Rome"
],
"glosses": [
"A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"links": [
[
"Ancient Rome",
"Ancient Rome"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"fortification",
"fortification"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Ancient Rome) A rampart; a wall, as in a fortification."
],
"tags": [
"Ancient-Rome",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"The eyebrow."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyebrow",
"eyebrow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) The eyebrow."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈvæləm/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-vallum.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/97/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-vallum.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "circumvāllō"
},
{
"word": "intervallum"
},
{
"word": "vallus"
},
{
"word": "vallō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "vallo"
},
"expansion": "Italian: vallo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: vallo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "vall"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: vall",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: vall"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "valo"
},
"expansion": "Galician: valo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: valo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "valo",
"3": "vala"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: valo, vala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: valo, vala"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "valla"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: valla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: valla"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "avulli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: avulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: avulli"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "vallum",
"lbor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: vallum (learned)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: vallum (learned)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Czech: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Czech: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "wał",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: wał",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: wał"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "val",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: val",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: val"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wall",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-West Germanic: *wall (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*walso"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *walso",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*uh₂lso-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἧλος",
"t": "nail"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Italic *walso, from Proto-Indo-European *uh₂lso-, itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Compare Ancient Greek ἧλος (hêlos, “nail”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "vallī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "vallīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vallum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "valla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"expansion": "vallum n (genitive vallī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vallum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"wall, rampart, entrenchment"
],
"links": [
[
"wall",
"wall"
],
[
"rampart",
"rampart"
],
[
"entrenchment",
"entrenchment"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈu̯al.lum/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈu̯älːʲʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈval.lum/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈvälːum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "vallum"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.